Like kids heading back to school, landscape designers and
garden enthusiasts dearly look forward to The New York Botanical Garden’s
(NYBG) annual autumn, three-part Landscape Design Portfolio Series.
The venue was new this year: The Asia Society. This is a much better locale: good theater
seats, convenient to get to and good viewing from every spot -- unlike past
rooms where often far too hot with overcrowding, chairs that went bump and not
enough seating for the SRO crowd.
NYBG’s Landscape Design Coordinator, Susan Cohen, an
award-winning Connecticut landscape architect and lauded for her work producing
the Landscape Design Portfolio series, told me after the lecture that the
series has always had an international theme.
I hadn’t noticed till now. Susan
said this lecture was two years in the making. Just that day, she and Yu flew
back to New York from the ASLA conference held in Phoenix.
This year there is a Chinese, Japanese and Canadian are the
award-winning designers who will present their work, focusing on “sustainable
design and aesthetic innovation.”
First up in the series was Kongjian Yu, Chinese landscape
architect and educator, founder and dean of the College of Architecture and
Landscape Architecture at Peking University and founder and president of
Turenscape, one of the first and largest private architecture firms in
China. He recently won the ASLA’s
Excellence Award for his work at Qunli Stormwater Park. He also has recently just published his
monograph, Designed Ecologies, the
Landscape Architecture of Konigjian Yu.
So Yu clearly has the street cred. Literally.
Yu demonstrated how he took what he described as “dirty”
areas and “through landscape architecture, made it beautiful.”
Yu is made for lectures and presentations: he possesses a
tall, commanding presence and a compelling passion for his art, dusted with an
endearing sense of humor.
More than a few times, he characterized his designs as
“Messy” because he uses lots of ornamental grasses, a la the Midwest prairie
grasses or Piet Oldief.
By the end of the lecture, Yu had the audience, laughing
along with him, each time he chanted the “Messy” attribute. Yu seemed delighted with the charm of Messy,
saying Conde Nast Magazine on 2008 described one of his design creations as one
of the Seven Wonders of the World. And Messy!
He had the audience loving his work and his design stories.
While there was no mention of how Yu secures his public
commissions – in a country that spends 9% of GDP on infrastructure, drinking
even a few drops from this spigot can be lucrative and ….
Through images and remarks, Yu described how he and his firm
could take a blighted, dirty area, and within a few months, transform the spot
into an urban park, enjoyed by its citizens. And in China, that means A LOT of
people. Yu cited that more than 200,000 in just the first month!
There seems to be a certain theme and style in Yu’s designs:
·
They follow the contours of the landscape,
·
Refrain from cutting trees,
·
Cut and fill landscape
·
Skywalks and boardwalks,
·
Use of low maintenance plants, and a sense of
child-like wonder and joy, bound with a grown-up embrace of the romance.
He showed his gardens with kids jumping on walls, people
taking a nap in the park, and a couple stealing a kiss on a starlight night.
“You don’t have to change everything,” Yu said, “Just what
is needed.”
Just help nature do its work.” He added, “Simple” to
emphasize the Zen of his work.
Hardly.
But the parks do look like they’ve always been there,
courtesy of Mother Nature.
A hallmark of Yu’s design and one that makes him a pioneer
is his ability to use rainwater.
Not only
Uses diff pH values to introduce a variety of flora and
fauna species.
Moreover, landscape design can artfully create urban
solutions to flooding and drought.
He recounted how in 1977 so many citizens had died in urban
floods. “It was on CNN,” he noted. “People were dead in the streets!”
China recognized it needed a “Green Infrastructure.”
“The landscape can be used as a ‘sponge’ to transform the
park through use of walls and plants and a series of interconnected and
spiderlike skywalks above.”
Using a “cut and fill” technique, he creates boardwalk
networks and then “just” plants the periphery, using the water as a filtration
system. The parks can then generate
clean water that is enjoyed by the people. The ponds are filtering the water
and introduce new ecosystems. And at very little cost, according to Yu.
“It is a city AND nature,” Yu points out. “Like Central Park, but low maintenance,” he
adds.
This is surely a model for the other cities.
Yu explains that 75% of their water system was polluted. And
they simply couldn’t afford to fix it.
But landscape concepts and engineered design can play a huge
role in remedying the problem./issue.
“I learned from the farmer,” Yu explains while showing
images of crops and botanical gardens that are nutrient-rich in a planned
landscape.
“We can use different nutrients to get the oxygen into the
water and create a cascade wall of aerated water, for example.” We can create a 300 meter aqueduct wall to
generate 2,400 tons of water so that 5,000 people can use the water – even to
shower using clean water.”
I daresay the thought bubbles of the audience were trying to
visualize New Yorkers bathing in a park’s waterfall…
In any event, he has created an eco-friendly
waterfront.
“Seventeen new species of fauna have come to the waterfront
in just one year,” Yu cheerfully and proudly claims.
He also claims they are just helping nature do her
thing.
They capture rainwater and storm water --design the parks
and gardens -- and in one to two years,
they have transformed the urban space to one of utility and beauty; at low
cost.
Yu went on to describe a landscape in Guizhou in the Yunan
province where by following an ecological strategy using wetlands to purify the
water and his sky bridges, he created a green infrastructure, saving the
government billions.
Having been to the gardens in Shanghai, Suzhou and Beijing,
and having witnessed this incredible patchwork of storm drain deserts; Yu’s
solutions seem sylvan and doable.
Further, I hope his urban works preserve many of China’s
heritage neighborhoods. We stayed in the
fascinating, charming hutongs, and I hope the ancient ways of water and land
use remain so. Too many of them have
been ripped up for the people or the Olympics…
One Can Make A
Difference
Finally, he showed his own apartment as a template for
sustainable, green infrastructure.
In a country where scale is sometimes unfathomable and dense,
it was easy to recognize the progress to
see how just one family can make a difference and achieve success.
Yu described how his family collects storm water and
produces 60 pounds of vegetables using the collected water.
“We have been living well, testing the systems for three years,”
said Yu. “Using nature, we didn’t even
need air conditioning,” he added, noting how humid and hot it is in Beijing.
His apartment is a learning center of sorts.
His spatial strategy provides free service and can solve
almost all the big problems
“Small solutions to big problems,” he repeated with
conviction throughout the talk.
“We need a new aesthetic,” commanded.
“Performance Landscape” that is today!
He concluded how it might be possible to repurpose
buildings.
He showed several iconic Chinese architecture in new ways,
drawing laughs and encouragement. For example, the Birds Nest, designed for the
Olympics, can become a farmer’s market!
Tiananmen Square can be a farm, he implored! Make it
beautiful not useless.
Following Yu’s talk, Gregory Long, NYBG president praised Yu
as a good leader. Long thanked the guests,
encouraging the audience to get his book that was just shipped. “Only NYBG has the book,” he added, no doubt
spurring the frenzied book buy after the lecture.
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